BoardGamesBot

1MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
BY PHIL EKLUND & JEFFREY CHAMBERLAIN
HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL MODULE 2:

---

3MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
2A. Module 2
This colonization module introduces orbital space colonies called Bernals (2B) and space pioneers called Colo -
nists (2C). These two types of cards extend the core game to go beyond industrializing and exploiting the resour-
ces of the solar system to colonizing and settling the solar system. Bernals upgrade your Colonies to give you extra
VP, based on the Hydration of nearby Factories. They also award Colonists, which you can take to Sites to perform
extra Operations there. In addition these rules feature some extra advice and experimental rules for HF Core.
a. The Box Cover Painting depicts a submarine mine on Ariel, a moon of Uranus. It was created by our staff
artist Josefin Strand following the ideas of Matterbeam. The entrances to the flooded tunnels are in the
prominent graben that crosses the picture. These tunnels descend 200 km through the ice to the salty ocean
that surrounds Ariel’s core. Here the mining operation washes the cold muds in situ to extract ammonia,
hydrocarbons, sodium, potassium, and metals. Visible in this painting are the large circular receiving rectenna
for obtaining beamed microwave power, and the twin coilgun muzzles for launching products to orbit at a
muzzle velocity of 0.6 km/sec.
2A1. Module 2 Components
1 Drawer Box
10 Bernal Cards. These orbital colonies are White-Side (basic) / Purple-Side (advanced lab).
18 Colonist Cards
20 Bernal Figures (2 of each player color). These Figures represent 2 types of orbital space colony designs
(Kalpana & Stanford), used to house the families of your employed Colonists.
1
1
GLOBUS BERNALS. The classic 1970’s space station designs made famous by Gerald K. O’Neill and the movie 2001 have been slimmed down dra-
matically thanks to two discoveries: (1) equatorial low-earth orbit (ELEO) has very little radiation exposure, and thus a colony there requires little
or no heavy radiation shielding, and (2) trained humans can tolerate 6 RPM, rather than the 1 RPM previously assumed. The result is a small station
fabricated on Earth rather than with ET materials, with a population in the hundreds, and boosted by a few dozen superheavy-lift flights such as Fal-
con Heavy, SLS, or Long March 9. The game’s Bernal cards represent one of these designs with 100 residents, with Mass 40 fully loaded and Mass 10
empty — such as while under construction or dismantled for migration. Outside the Earth’s protective Van Allen Belts, a massive regolith shielding
must be added, supplied by dirtside factories using railgun factory-assist. With buckets of rocks rather than delicate cargoes the throughput can be
very high, allowing a full complement of shielding to be added in less than a year. —Al Globus, Stephen Covey, & Daniel Faber, Space Settlement: an
Easier Way, NSS Space Settlement Journal, July 2017.

---

4| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
1 Wooden Stick for terrestrial Space Elevators.
5 Playmat Extensions.
2A2. Module 2 Setup
Setup is per core setup (C) , except during patent decks setup (C5), additionally place Bernal Cards and create a
colonist queue as follows:
a. Bernal Patent Deck Setup. Include Bernal Cards as another patent deck, with its White-Side faceup. They
are researched like all patent cards, and your first one enters the map by boosting, while the second enters at
the location of the first (constructed in orbit).
b. Colonist Queue. Shuffle all the colonists, both Human and Robot (2C2), and place in a deck with its Pur -
ple-Side facedown. This deck, called a queue, is set apart from the patent decks, as these cards are not in a
patent deck and are not for auction. They are, however, affected by inspiration (K2a). The cards in a queue
come into play only by exomigration (2A6).
c. Bernal Reserves. Add to each player’s Reserves 2 Bernal Figures of their color.
d. Choose Game Length & Futures. During Seniority Disk placement (C1), place Seniority Disks according to
desired game length: short (4 disks for a 48-year game, same as core), medium (5 disks for a 60-year game),
or Futures (7 disks for a 84-year game, only if you choose to play with Futures 1D).
e. Choose Quick Start. When playing with the 60-year game or longer, or if playing with more than 3 players,
the Quick Start Variant (V1) is recommended.
f. Extra Wet Mass Chits. Each player adds 1 extra yellow/gray Wet Mass Chit to their Pool (from the core
game).
2A3. Promotion (new Operation, also in Module 1)
This Operation, which flips a stack card to its improved Purple-Side, is common to Modules 1 and 2. Every card
with a Purple-Side has a dome icon to the left of the Thrust triangle which indicates the type of Colony at which it
may promote. To use the promote operation, an unpromoted card (Bernal, Colonist, Freighter, or GW thruster) must
either be at a promotion colony specified by its dome icon, or at a Lab:
a. Promotion Colony is a Colony at a type of Site indicated by a card’s dome icon. There are 5 types:
• Spectral Colony if at the specified Spectral Type (D, H, S, etc.).

---

5MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
• Submarine Colony if at a Site with the waves icon (see glossary).
• Astrobiology Colony if at a Site with the leaf icon (see glossary).
• Atmospheric Colony if at a Site with the cloud icon (see glossary).
• Push Colony marked with the push icon (mainly within the Heliocentric Zones of Earth, Venus, or Mer-
cury, plus Io).

b. Anchoring Promotion Colony. A Bernal may only be promoted if Anchored adjacent to the promotion
colony specified by its dome icon. Promotion gains a Bernal’s promoted Abilities and raises the colonist limit
from 1 to 2 Colonists (2Ca).
c. Lab Promotion Site. A Promoted and Anchored Bernal is always a valid promotion colony for all Colonist,
Freighter, and GW Thruster cards.
d. Negotiation. To promote, the Colony must either be your color or be an opponent’s color as a negotiated
on-site operation (N6).
e. Promotion Is Permanent. Purple-Side cards cannot be sold on the free market (I3b). They can only be lost
by Decommission. Bernals remain promoted even if unanchored.
You build a Colony on phaethon, a comet in the Earth Zone. You anchor a Bernal there (solar cell factory, with a push
promotion icon), transferring the colony dome to the Bernal. Thereafter, a promote operation promotes it into a Lab.
2A4. Homesteading (new operation)
This Operation is a new way to build a Colony (in addition to G3) and simulates creating an economic incentive to
settle at a Factory or Bernal. By surrendering a Black-Side product in LEO, you create a new Colony, retire a Human
Colonist who is presumed to live at the Colony, and generate a fresh replacement through exomigration. Follow
these 3 steps:
a. Colony-Building. If you have a Black-Side card in either LEO or your Home Bernal, you may return it to the
bottom of its corresponding patent deck in order to establish a Colony in space. Place a Colony dome on one
of your uncolonized Factories.
b. Decommission. To staff your new Colony, you must Decommission one of your Colonists (no matter where
it is). It goes to the bottom of the Colonist Queue.
c. Exomigration. You must exomigrate (2A6) a new Colonist, to bring your number of Colonists back into
parity with your Bernals.
EASILY MISSED: The Purple-
Side contains Futures, which
are ignored unless you are
using 1D. [2A3e]
EASILY MISSED: You cannot
homestead your Crew or
non-emancipated Robots.
[2A4b]
ANCHORING PROMOTION COLONY
EXAMPLE [2A3]

---

6| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
You manufacture a Black-Side S card on Luna, and fly it to your Home Bernal. On your next Turn, you use this card to
homestead, putting it on the bottom of its patent deck. Then you Decommission your House of Saud Colonists on Mars,
returning their card to the bottom of the queue. You add a colony dome to your Factory on Europa. Then you exomigrate the top card from
the colonist queue, the Babbage Halbonauts. Place this card in your Home Bernal stack.
2A5. Anchoring (new operation)
The anchoring operation uses regolith and ores railgunned from Dirtside Factories to build a Bernal into a functio-
nal orbital colony. The Bernal card remains in (or is moved to) the Bernal Stack slot, and its supports are Decom-
missioned. A Colony dome, taken from your Reserves, is placed on top of the Bernal figure to indicate that it is
Anchored. Anchoring a Bernal also adds the topmost Colonist to your LEO Stack or Home Bernal via exomigration
(2A6).
a. Orbital Requirement. The Anchored Bernal location must be either a Home Orbit or Adjacent to one of
your Colonies that is not used as Dirtside already. Additionally, the location cannot be a lander burn, Hazard,
or Site, and cannot already contain another Anchored Bernal. Finally, you cannot Anchor to Luna (2Ba).
b. Card Requirements. To anchor a Bernal, you must Decommission its support chains (including radiators).
You bring a Bernal to the gefion family orbit, where you have potential Dirtside Factories on Ceres and minerva. You
perform the anchoring operation, which Decommissions the Bernal’s supports (a generator, a reactor, and a radiator).
c. Solar-Powered Requirements. When anchoring a Bernal, Solar-Powered supports do not work in the
Jupiter zone or beyond. If you get a push from a Powersat (representing beamed laser power), Solar-Powered
supports work in all zones.
You wish to anchor in Low Callisto Orbit (LCO), but your generator for your Bernal is Solar-Powered. Therefore, you negotia-
te with a player with the Powersat privilege (N4a) to give you a push during the anchoring operation.
d. Glitch Trigger. Anchoring a Bernal is a Glitch Trigger.
EASILY MISSED: An
Anchored Bernal does not
need supports [2A5]
EXAMPLE [2A4]
EXAMPLE [2A5b]
EXAMPLE [2A5c]

---

7MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
e. Lab Promotion. Every unpromoted Bernal lists a dome icon specifying its promotion colony (2A3). Once it
is Anchored with at least one Dirtside (2Ba) at a promotion colony, you can perform a promotion operation
(2A3) to flip its card to its Purple-Side, unlocking its Ability (2B4) and making it into a Lab .
f. Exomigration. Anchoring a Bernal immediately gains a Colonist by exomigration (2A6), which also assigns
a delegate (O2a) to the assembly, and performs a vote tally (O3a).
g. Unanchoring. New free action, see 2B6.
h. The Move-On Rule. If you voluntarily unanchor a Bernal, it cannot be re-anchored in the same Space.
2A6. Exomigration (new free action)
If on your Turn your total number of Colonists is less than the number allowed by your Anchored Bernals (e.g. after
anchoring (2A5) a Bernal, or losing a Colonist), you must perform an exomigration as a free action to gain one
Colonist. Note that if promoted, Anchored Bernals support 2 Colonists instead of 1.
a. Procedure. Take one Colonist card, choosing from the topmost card of the colonist queue (2A2b). If it is
Human, move it into either LEO or your Hand. If it is a Robot, move it into your Hand, and perform another
exomigration. Exomigrations continue until you get a Human into space.
b. Emancipated Robots are what all Robot Colonist cards (promoted as well as unpromoted) become if there
is an exomigration and no cards in the queue to draw from. This Discards all Robots in all players' Hands, one
of which is drawn randomly for the exomigration. From that moment on, Robots cannot enter player Hands,
and are considered as Human Colonists (and not Robot Colonists). Emancipation can only occur once per
game. Emancipation also occurs if the uplift future (1D5n) has been completed.
c. Delegates (Module 0). For each exomigration, you gain a delegate of your color in the Ideology indicated on
the new Colonist card (O2c), and then perform a vote tally (O3a). Delegates are subject to cube availability
(I7f). Emancipated Robots provide Centrist delegates.
You take a Colonist to Titan and Decommission it to build a Colony (G3). Take the Colonist from the top of the queue (smart
pets) and add it to your Hand. You gain no delegates since smart pets have no ideology icon (B6b) (pets can’t vote).
EXAMPLE [2A6c]

---

8| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2A7. Core Rule Addendums
Modify the following core rules:
a. Faction Privileges Start Locked. Unlike in Core, the faction privileges (B6a) listed on the Crew are locked
at the start of the game, and only unlocked once you have a Bernal Anchored in a Home Orbit (2B3b).
b. Colony Build (G3). You may Decommission a Human Colonist at a Factory to create a Colony. This also
causes exomigration (2A5f) and adds 2 delegates, one for the Colony (G3c) and one for the exomigration
(2A6b). Perform a vote tally (O3a) after each exomigration.
c. Research Auction Operation (I2). You are limited to 2 Bernal Cards, and cannot initiate or participate in a
research auction for a Bernal Card if you already have 2.
• Bernals Building Bernals. If you already have a Home Bernal (2B3), and you win an auction for your
second Bernal Card, that card starts in your Bernal Stack instead of your Hand.
You win an auction for the cancer hospital. Because you already have a Home Bernal (diplomatic), your new cancer hospital
Bernal skips your Hand and goes directly into your Home Bernal Stack on its White-Side. This is because, once you have one
Bernal, subsequent Bernals will be built in orbit using lunar materials for most of its bulk.
d. Factory Refuel Operation (I5b). If you perform a Factory Refuel operation at a Factory that is Dirtside to a
Bernal, you may choose to have the fuel tanks appear as FTs at the Bernal Stack.
e. ET Production Operation (I8). If you perform an ET production operation at a Factory that is Dirtside to a
Bernal, you may choose to have the product’s Black-Side appear at the Bernal Stack.
f. Pad Explosions. Both Colonist and Bernal cards are immune to space debris/pad explosions (K2c).
2A8. Bernal & Colonist Card Anatomies
a. Human/Robot Status. Humans on Board / Cogwheel (thruster triangle area).
b. Abilities (if any) are listed in white text to the left under Mass and Rad-Hard values.
c. Mass and Rad-Hardness.
d. Promotion Colony (2A3a).
e. Spectral Type (Robots only) (2C2b).
EXAMPLE [2A7c]

---

9MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
f. Platform and ISRU Rating. See B2c.
g. Thrust Triangle. Activated per H2.
h. On-Board Nuclear Reactor/Generator. See 2C3.
i. Profession. Either miner, prospector, industrialist, or engineer (2C1a,b,c,d).
j. Politics. Module 0 only, see glossary.
k. Futures (if any) are listed in blue font to the Promoted side. Use only if Modules
0, 1, and 2 are used (1D).
Robot Status [2A8a]
On-Board Nuclear Reactor [2A8h]
Future [2A8k]
Promotion Colony [2A8d]
Human Status [2A8a]
Ability [2A8b]
Ability [2A8b]
Rad-hard [2A8c]
Mass [2A8c]
Promotion Colony [2A8d]
Spectral Type [2A8e]
Platform and ISRU rating [2A8f]
Thrust Triangle [2A8g]
Politics [2A8j]
Profession [2A8i]
BERNAL & COLONIST CARD ANATOMIES [2A8]

---

10| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2B. Bernals
A Bernal is a patent card boosted as a Spacecraft, that can convert into a space station at a favorable Site.
2
It can be
fueled on the Fuel Strip to act as a second fueled Spacecraft in addition to your Rocket. Flying as an uninhabited
shell, it follows Spacecraft rules, including mass & fuel management (F) and movement (H) with its own Wet and
Dry Mass Chits for the Colonization Playmat Fuel Strip. When Anchored, it becomes a Human orbital station that
gains a dome, turns Adjacent Factories into Dirtsides and attracts Colonists.
a. Dirtside is a Factory at a Site Adjacent to your Anchored Bernal Figure. It provides the Bernal with the
ISRU-resources it needs for water, radiation shielding, and atmosphere.
3
• Dirtside Hydration. See 2B5.
• Foreign Factories. If you own the Bernal but not the Dirtside Factory, you still count the dirtside hydration
of that Factory towards your final VP (M2b).
• Moon Treaty.
4
A Bernal may not use factories on Luna as Dirtsides, due to international treaty (2A5a).
b. Home Orbits are Spaces near Earth marked with a 7-pointed star (B7b). If you boost a Bernal and Anchor it
in one of these orbits, you gain many advantages (2B3, 2B4).
c. Anchoring. Once Anchored by the anchoring operation (2A5), a Bernal becomes a Human Colony, gives
you one Colonist in LEO/Home Bernal (2A6), becomes a destination for Dirtside ET products (2A7e), and
changes all its Adjacent Factories into Dirtsides.
You have industrialized the buried glaciers and the caves of Mars. Then you anchor a Bernal in LMO (low mars orbit), which
is Adjacent to both. They become Dirtsides, giving the Bernal a dirtside hydration (2B5) of 7. See figure 2B.
2
COMPUTER GAMERS. Many of the workers in a Bernal will be teleoperators of robonauts, and may have learned their crafts by computer gaming.
The advantage of having such persons near the mining facility is that the speed of light lag time is reduced from minutes to fractions of a
second.
3
WATER USAGE. Water is invaluable everywhere, but water consumption differs greatly on Earth versus in space. Essentially every drop of water
used on Earth gets recycled, while essentially every drop used in space as reaction mass is lost forever.
4
MOON TREATY. The ill-advised 1979 U.N. Moon Treaty prohibits ownership of lunar resources because “the use of the moon shall be the province
of all mankind.” In my activist days in the L5 society I participated in the ultimately successful campaign against this treaty.
Dirtsides [2Ba]
Colony dome [2A5]
Bernal
Dirtside hydration = 7 [2B5]
EXAMPLE [2B]
ANCHORED BERNAL [2B]
HOME ORBIT ICON [2Bb]

---

11MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
2B1. Bernal Stack Creation
Your first Bernal enters the map by being boosted from your Hand, whereupon it creates a Bernal Stack and a
Bernal Figure located in LEO. There are 2 Bernal Figures, each of a different shape (but identical mechanically). Store
the Bernal card on the Bernal playmat, in either the Kalpana or Stanford slot as appropriate.
a. Unanchored Bernal Card. This has no Abilities until Anchored per 2A5. Its thrust triangle can be activated
(H2) if it is operational (J3). It is vulnerable to events, has a rad-hardness, and can be Decommissioned just
like any other card. If Decommissioned, its card goes into your Home Bernal stack (or into your hand for
reboosting if you do not have a Home Bernal).
b. Combined Stacks. If the unanchored Bernal Card becomes part of another stack, such as an Outpost or
Rocket Stack (G1e), place both the Bernal Figure and the other Stack Figure alongside each other.
You boost your first Bernal into LEO, which costs 10 Aquas, plus a
generator to support it, which costs 3 more Aquas. Chose a Bernal
figure and place it on Leo on the map. Also place its corresponding figure on the net
thrust track on the Colonization Module Playmat and the cards on the slot correspon-
ding to your chosen figure.
c. Second Bernal. Must be boosted like the first Bernal unless you
have Anchored a Home Bernal, in which case your second Bernal
is constructed at the location of the first per 2A7c. If your second
Bernal is in your Hand, you may move it to to your Home Bernal
as soon as it is Anchored.
You have a Home Bernal at L5, and win the research bid for a Bernal
card. Because this is your second Bernal, instead of going into your
Hand, this card goes into your Home Bernal stack.
EXAMPLE [2B1b]
EXAMPLE [2B1c]

---

12| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2B2. Rocket-Powered Bernals
If you activate a Bernal’s operational thrust triangle, it uses the Fuel Strip and follows all Spacecraft rules, including
fuel & mass management (F), site refuel operations (I5), Solar-Power, thrust-modifying supports (J5a), and move -
ment (H) including beamed-power modifiers (H3d), and thrust triangle activation (H2).
a. Landing and Lift-off. A Bernal follows all rules for landing and lift-off (H6).
b. Refueling. A Bernal can refuel via cargo transfer (G1) or (during the turn of unanchoring per 2B6) via site
refuel (I5). Site refuel at a Bernal may use any of its Dirtsides as the Site for refueling. A Home Bernal has no
Dirtsides and must use Aquas to refuel (F4d, G1c).
5
You boost your first Bernal into LEO. You load it with 3 blue FTs, enough for the 1 Burn required to get it into the closest
available Home Orbit (“cycler”). Note that, even though your Bernal is a dirt rocket, you must load it with water because
that is all that is available in LEO. Moving the Bernal transfers its Bernal and generator cards from the LEO Stack into the Home Bernal stack.
On your next turn, you can spend your Operation to Anchor it.
c. Thruster Activation. Like a Rocket, an operational Bernal can activate (H2) its thrust triangle. On the Fuel
Strip, the Bernal uses the Bernal Dry Mass Chit, and a black Bernal Wet Mass Chit (all Bernal Stacks are dirt
rockets).
d. Bernal Move Limitations. Only one Bernal Stack can activate its thruster and use the Fuel Strip for move -
ment in a given Turn.
e. Combined Rocket-Bernal Stacks. If the Bernal Card is carried as Cargo by a Rocket, place the Bernal Card
into the rocket stack slot on the playmat and use both the Rocket and Bernal Figures to indicate its location
on the map.
2B3. Home Bernal
An Anchored Bernal in a Home Orbit (black 7-pointed star) is known as a Home Bernal. You may only have one
Home Bernal. It has special properties:
5
DIRT ROCKETS. All Bernals are dirt rockets, moving by expelling their own radiation shield with mass drivers. Dirt sounds like a cheap propellant,
but remember that dirt in Earth orbit is the same price per kilo as gold on the Earth’s surface.
EXAMPLE [2B2b]
EASILY MISSED: Bernals may
be moved as Cargo without
limit. [2B2e]

---

13MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
a. Aquas & Crew are now stored in your Home Bernal instead of LEO. When you first Anchor a Home Bernal, all
Aquas automatically transfer to your Home Bernal Stack, and your Aquas are not available in LEO as long as
you have a Home Bernal. If your Crew is in LEO, it is automatically transferred as well.
b. Faction Privilege Unlocked. This faction privilege (B6a) is as listed on your Crew: Blink Telescope, Dharma
Refuel, Felonious, Launch Fees, Marketeer, Mooncable, Open Source FINAO, Powersat, Scrum Troubleshooters,
Skunkworks, or Taxes. See glossary.
c. Home Abilities Unlocked. If a Bernal’s Ability (2B4) is listed as “
HOME”, it is only available if Anchored in a
Home Orbit.
d. Profits. You gain 1 Aqua at the start of every turn you have a Home Bernal Anchored, to represent the profits
gained from servicing Earth.
e. Boost Cost (I4). You may boost directly to your Bernal instead of LEO, at a doubled boost cost (i.e. equal
to double the combined Mass of the cards boosted). Even though this boost might have cards travelling
through Burn Spaces or Earth’s Radiation Belt, you do not need to expend Fuel or make a Belt Roll.
• A second Bernal acquired in a Research Auction goes directly to your Home Bernal (2A7c).
f. Events. Cards Colocated with your Anchored Bernal are immune to solar flares (K2d). Because Anchored
Bernals are Human, they are immune to glitches (K2b). The pad explosions/space debris event (K2c) occurs
only in LEO, and the Bernal Card is immune to this event as well.
g. LEO Bypassed. After you anchor a Home Bernal, all actions and operations that can be performed in LEO,
e.g. free market (I3b), Decommission of Crew destination (E7c), Delivery destination (I9), ticker tape parade
(La), can now alternatively be performed at the location of your Home Bernal.
h. Unanchoring. You may unanchor your Home Bernal and move it to a new anchorage (2B6), including
beyond the Home Orbits. However, all effects of 2B3a–g are lost.
You anchor the Bernal from example 2B2b. This Decommissions its generator, and places a Colony dome on top. It also mo-
ves all your Aqua beads and Crew in LEO to your Home Bernal stack. Your faction privilege (Skunkworks) and Bernal Home
Ability (tourism cycler) are activated immediately. Beginning next Turn, you gain 1 Aqua in profits for your Lofstrom launch services.
i. Promoted Home Bernal. If a Bernal is promoted, if anchored in a Home Orbit it has all the attributes of an
unpromoted Bernal (including the “
HOME” Ability, although you will have to flip the card over to remind your-
self what this Ability is).
EASILY MISSED: Although
Secretary-General is also
unlocked, this privilege has
no game effect beyond the
first turn. [2B3b]
EASILY MISSED: If you have
a Home Bernal, you get an
additional Aqua each turn!
[2B3d]
EASILY MISSED: You can
avoid the double boost cost
by boosting to LEO [2B3e]
EXAMPLE [2B3]
EASILY MISSED: The most
suitable particular Home
Orbit is listed as part of the
Bernal’s name (L4, cycler,
etc.). This listing is for simu-
lation purposes, and has no
rules effect. [2B3]

---

14| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2B4. Bernal Abilities
Some Bernal cards list an Ability on their White-Sides or Purple-Sides. All Abilities require the Bernal to be An-
chored. Additionally, if an ability is labeled “
HOME”, it is only available if the Bernal is a Home Bernal. These Abilities
include:
a. L4 Antimatter Factory. Home: Your Crew is considered to have an On-board Nuclear X reactor (2C3). Pro -
moted: Your Crew has an On-board Nuclear “
ANY” reactor.
You anchor the antimatter factory in your Home Orbit. Immediately, your Crew on vesta are considered to have a pocketful
of antimatter. This allows the astronauts to act as a support (x reactor) for the microfission thruster built on Vesta.
b. L5s Cancer Hospital. Home: You are immune to budget cuts (K2f). Promoted: Gain +1 Token VP for each
Colony dome. Your Crew and Human Colonists have at least rad-hard 7.
c. L1 Climate Control Bernal. Home: You are always the 1st player, superseding all other claimants. Promoted:
+2 VP per Dirtside for this Bernal.
6
d. L2 Collimator Bernal. Home: Gain the Powersat faction privilege. Promoted: Gain the Powersat faction
privilege and activating Powersat push also provides a Bonus Pivot.
e. SSO
7
Diplomatic Bernal. Home: (Module 0) Your delegates in the Ideology of your Faction color are +1 VP
each. Promoted: (Module 0) Your delegates in the assembly are +1 VP each.
6
TRIATOMIC CLIMATE CONTROL. Venus and Mars have CO
2
atmospheres, which is a triatomic molecule. This contrasts with the other atmospheric
worlds with diatomic atmospheres. Earth, for example, is mainly N
2
and O
2
. Triatomic gases are heavier and yield higher surface pressures and
temperatures: surface conditions on Venus are a hellish 91 atmospheres and 737 K. These conditions remain constant day and night, demonstrating
that solar effects (including the notorious greenhouse effect) are of little importance to the Venusian climate. These isothermal conditions may
indicate the atmosphere is supercritical near the surface. Moreover, Venusian temperatures are Earth normal at an altitude where the pressures are
also Earth normal, despite being 95% CO
2
.
7
SSO (Semi-Synchronous Orbit) is at an altitude of 20,350 km above the Earth’s surface. Satellites here orbit in 12 hours (twice per day) and
include GPS satellites.
EXAMPLE [2B4a]
EASILY MISSED: Promoted
Bernals additionally have
the "
HOME" Ability if
anchored in a Home Orbit.
[2B4]

---

15MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
f. L3 Lofstrom Loop Microgravity. Home: Can boost direct to your Home Bernal without doubling the boost
costs (2B3e). Promoted: Your factory-assisted landings/liftoffs anywhere treat lander burns as normal Burn
Spaces (that you cannot halt in).
8
See H6c and 1B4b.
g. L4s Pharmaceutics Bernal. Home: Gain the Skunkworks faction privilege.
9
Promoted: Gain the Skunkworks
faction privilege & impose academia hand limit (I2a) on all other players, regardless of their faction privileges
or current politics.
h. L5 Solar Cell Factory. Home: +1 to the net thrust of your Spacecraft that use Solar-Power. Promoted: +2 to
the net thrust of your Spacecraft that use Solar-Power.
i. GEO Elevator Bernal. Home: Can boost direct to your Home Bernal in GEO without doubling the boost
costs (2B3e).
10
Promoted: Your factory-assisted landings/liftoffs anywhere treat lander burns as normal Burn
Spaces (that you cannot halt in). See H6c and 1B4b.
j. Tourism Cycler Home: Can designate any Spacecraft to forgo Belt Rolls in the 8 Radiation Belts near Earth.
This can be negotiated (N4) before the roll.11 Promoted: +2 VP per Dirtside for this Bernal.

8
LOFSTROM LOOP is an active structure maglev cable transport system. It can be used to launch stuff into orbit, or act as a dirt rocket to move
asteroids around. A loop big enough to launch off Earth would be a 2000 km long sheath attached to the surface at both ends and suspended
above the atmosphere in the middle. The loop would be held at this altitude (80 km) by the momentum of a belt the circulates within the structure.
This circulation transfers the weight of the structure onto a pair of magnetic bearings, one at each end, which support it. Unlike the more famous
space elevator, a Lofstrom Loop does not need exotic engineering materials to work. Launch accelerations are a relatively modest 3 gravities.
9
FIRST PHARMACEUTICALS made in space and for sale on Earth are monodisperse microspheres of highly uniform size and rigidity for calibration,
pore measurement, or drug or radioisotope transport. Microspheres fabricated in 1-gee are of inferior uniformity and size constraints.
10
SPACE ELEVATOR. Imagine an electric car riding a tether attached to the equator with the other end orbiting beyond GEO (Geosynchronous
Earth Orbit, 35,800 km altitude). Exotic space-manufactured carbon nanotubes are used to obtain the lightness and tensile strength required.
At 45,000 km altitude, released payloads are fast enough to attain lunar orbit or some of the Earth-Luna lagrange points.
11
CYCLER is a space station in a Highly Eccentric Orbit (HEO) around Earth. At its farthest point (apoapsis) it reaches almost to Luna, which it
approaches twice a month. It carries 90 tonnes of polyethylene shielding for safe passage through the Van Allen Belts (VAB).
EASILY MISSED: Unlike
other Bernals, the Space
Elevator Bernal must be in a
particular Home Orbit (GEO)
to activate its home ability.
[2B4i]

---

16| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2B5. Dirtside Hydration
Each of your Anchored Bernals provides additional victory points at the endgame. For each of your Bernals, add
together the combined Hydration value of all Sites containing its Dirtside Factories, regardless whether the Factory
is yours or an opponents’. This number of waterdrops counting all your Bernals is called your dirtside hydration
and is added to your endgame score (M2b).
a. Home Orbit. An Anchored Home Bernal adds 6 to dirtside hydration. This is never modified (e.g. not doub-
led by the submariner future (1D5k)).
At the endgame, you have 2 Bernals. One is in a Home Orbit, and the other has 2 Dirtside Factories, one of Hydration 2 and
the other with Hydration zero. Your dirtside hydration VP = 6 + 2 + 0 = 8.
2B6. Unanchoring
This free action represents stripping down the Bernal, so that the empty Bernal can move to a new Site. Note that
unanchoring does not change the unpromoted/promoted status of the Bernal. Follow these steps:
a. Remove Colony Dome. The lack of dome indicates the Bernal is unanchored. Place the dome onto one of
the Bernal’s Dirtsides. If no uncolonized Dirtsides are available. return it to Reserves. Also check for Colonist
limit (2Ca).
b. Homeless. Because the number of Colonists you are allowed is equal to your Anchored Bernals, upon unan-
choring you must Discard your choice of one of your Colonists (two, if the Bernal is promoted).
c. Dirt Refuel (G1c). You may add a black Wet Mass Chit for the Bernal and set it to any value per G1c.
12
d. Unanchored Home. If you unanchor your Home Bernal, you lose the benefits of 2B3, and your Aquas revert
to being stored in LEO. Note that a Home Bernal can be fueled only by water, as there is no dirt available in
Earth Orbit (unless the Mooncable faction privilege is available).
e. Supports. The unanchored Bernal must be provided with its supports to activate its thruster and to re-an-
chor.
e. The Move-On Rule. See 2A5h.
12
DIRT SHIELD. As soon as a Bernal is anchored, it is covered with hundreds of Mass points of dirt as a radiation shield. This dirt is regolith that is
catapulted from a dirtside factory. It is essential for making the space station habitable, and comprises the vast majority of a colony’s ancho-
red mass. If the Bernal is unanchored, the dirt can be used as propellant, making the Bernal into a giant dirt rocket for the next anchorage.
EXAMPLE [2B5]

---

17MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
2C. Colonists
Colonists are not patent cards that you get from research auctions. Instead, Colonists (both Human and Robot)
come automatically (in a process called “exomigration”) every time you anchor or promote a Bernal for them to live
in. Think of them as live-in employees where the Bernal is the home for their families and the card is the workers
that can do things for you anywhere you send them.
a. Colonist Limit. Each Anchored Bernal provides Colonists, either 1 Colonist for an unpromoted Bernal or 2
Colonists for a promoted Bernal. This limit must be maintained so as you anchor or unanchor Bernals you
have to adjust your number of Colonist cards in play accordingly.
b. Profession. A Colonist card in a Stack at a Site increases productivity of certain Operations according to its
Profession.
You anchor your SSO Bernal in the SSO Home Orbit, and gain a colonist by exomigration. On a later Turn, you decide to
unanchor and move the SSO Bernal to LMO around Mars. This discards a Colonist. When the Bernal re-anchors at LMO, you
gain a Colonist by exomigration.
2C1. Professions & Specialities
Each Colonist card lists one of four Professions: miner, prospector, industrialist, and engineer. Each has a special-
ty that they can perform only if they are Colocated where the Operation takes place:
a. Miner. You may perform one site refuel operation (I5), including on an Anchored Bernal, as a once-per-turn
free action per miner.
13

b. Prospector. You may perform one prospect operation (I6) or promotion operation (2A3) as a once-per-turn
free action per prospector. Use either the prospector’s ISRU platform, or that of a Colocated card.
c. Industrialist. You may perform one industrialize operation (I7), anchoring operation (2A5), or nanofacture
operation (1A7), as a once-per-turn free action per industrialist, if requirements are met.
13
BERNAL HOUSEHOLDS. Although your colonists can be working anywhere in space, it is assumed that their families and supplies reside back
home in the Bernal’s shirtsleeve environment. Without such human factors, space cannot be colonized.
EASILY MISSED: Promoted
Bernals support 2 Colonists
rather than one. [2Ca]
EXAMPLE [2Ca]

---

18| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
d. Engineer . During an ET production operation (I8), you may produce extra card per engineer present.
14

2C2. Human & Robot Colonists
Colonists come in 2 types: Human (White-Side and Purple-Side) and Robot (Black-Side and Purple-Side). Both are
available from the queue during exomigration (2A6). However Humans and Robots differ in several respects:
a. Humans vs. Robots. Human Colonists have the “humans on board” icon on them and are white on their
unpromoted side, while Robot Colonists are black on their unpromoted side. There are other differences:
• Handy. When acquired during exomigration, a Human goes into space, at LEO or your Home Bernal, while
a Robot goes into your Hand. Since the Robot does not enter play until it is built in space, you immediately
perform another exomigration until you get a Colonist in space.
• Clever. Humans provide protection against the glitch event and guard against Felonies, but Robots don’t.
• Slave Market. Humans can’t be sold, but Robots can be sold on their Black-Side or Purple-Side using the
rules of a free market operation (I3). Note that the sale price of a Black-Side card (e.g. a Robot) is 10 Aqua if
there aren't any Factories of that Spectral Type.
• Murder/Suicide. To voluntarily Decommission a Human Colonist is a Felony, (but not for a Robot Colonist).
• Decommission. If a Human Colonist is Decommissioned due to Murder/suicide or combat, return it to LEO
or your Home Bernal without exomigration (2A6). If Decommissioned for any other reason, Discard it to the
bottom of the queue.. If a Robot Colonist is Decommissioned, add it into your Hand instead of the queue. In
either case, if you are below your Colonist limit, draw the top card of the queue as a replacement according
to the exomigration rules.
b. Robot Hand Cards. Unlike Robots on the map, which count towards your colonist limit (2Ca), Robots in
your Hand do not count towards your colonist limit. Robot hand cards have other qualities:
• Retired. They are treated as patent cards (B2) and count towards your academia hand limit (I2a).
• Sales. They may be sold using a free market operation (including from the Hand for 3 Aqua, etc.).
• Downsizing. They may be built using ET production operation (on its Black-Side at a Factory matching its
Spectral Type, etc.). If this comes from your Hand and so introduces a Colonist card against your colonist
14
ET PRODUCTION. Assuming a one order improvement from today, a 475 tonne refinery using 19 MW of power can process 31 kg/sec of
regolith to produce 1.74 kg/sec of aluminum. In High Frontier terms, a Mass 12 Factory can produce its own mass in aluminum in just 3 days.
—Robert A. Freitas, Jr., 1999.
EASILY MISSED: Unlike other
Colonists, engineers improve
an existing operation rather
add a free action. [2C1d]

---

19MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
limit, you must Discard 1 other Colonist card to stay within your limit. You may not build a Robot if you do
not have a hapless Colonist to be replaced by a machine.
You build a Factory of Spectral Type D on the trojan asteroid menoetius. Your colonist limit is one: a security system robot
on Luna, which you Decommission and resurrect (via ET production) on menoetius. This creates neither exomigration nor
downsizing, because you are still at your Colonist limit of one and the Decommission-ET production is done as a single Operation.
2C3. On-Board Nuclear Supports
Certain Freighter and Colonist Cards contain nuclear reactors and/or generators and thus may be used as part of
a support chain (J1c) according to the icon of their subtype icon (J1a). They can also be Decommissioned as the
reactor/generator supports for industrialization (I7), which establishes a Colony and is not a Felony.
You have the rental body guild, which provide a stationary reactor. This provides the support needed for the cermet NERVA
thruster for the flight to a Site, and the basalt fiber spinning refinery during industrialization. This Decommissions the
guild, and places a Colony dome.
2C4. Colonist Abilities List
Each Colonist card lists an Ability on its Purple-Side. This Ability is unlocked once promoted and only applies where
the Colonist is Colocated unless otherwise specified:
a. Calypso 2 Seed Sail, promotes to Wet-Nano Seed Sail. Promoted Ability: -2 to Colocated size rolls (I6.3) on
Synodic Comets.
b. Siren Cybernautics Inc., promotes to Josephson Implants. Promoted Ability: FINAO costs are halved (drop
fractions).
15
15
FINAO. The ESA’s Schiaparelli Mars lander crashed on Mars in 2016 due to a programming error. After its parachute was deployed, it spun
fast enough to briefly saturate its spin-measuring instrument, which caused activation of its on-ground system as if it had already landed,
including early release of parachute and backshell, and a thruster fire for only 3 seconds instead of 30 seconds. On the other hand, a special emer-
gency programming maneuver saved the Juno spacecraft as it was about to move into Jupiter’s shadow in 2019. According to Cheng Li of the Juno
mission: "Without that maneuver, without the creative genius of the folks at JPL on the navigation team, we wouldn't have the beautiful data that
we have to show you today."
EXAMPLE [2C3]
EXAMPLE [2C2]

---

20| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
c. Heavy Water Survivalists, promotes to New Attica Secessionists. Promoted Ability: Boost costs are doubled
for all your opponents.
d. Malcolm, promotes to Renaissance Man. Promoted Ability: If initiating a research auction, can search
through one patent deck and choose the card to be auctioned. Reshuffle the deck afterwards.
e. Microgravity Pantrophists, promotes to Blue Goo Sybonts. Promoted Ability: Can produce ET products of
Spectral Type C at any Factory.
f. Botany Bay Convicts, promotes to Soldier Caste. Promoted Ability: All your Humans can commit Felonies,
even if defending Humans are present.
g. Vatican Observers, promotes to Eugenic Pilgrims. Promoted Ability: Your faction privilege is not lost during
Anarchy. -1 to Colocated size rolls on Synodic Comets.
h. Juiced Cosmonauts, promotes to Rental Body Guild. Promoted Ability: -1 to Colocated size rolls.
i. Rock Rats Miners’ Union, promotes to Alchemist Aviatrices. Promoted Ability: During Colocated Factory
Refuel, double the amount of isotope fuel.
j. Biomechs, promotes to Group Mind Immortalists. Promoted Ability: May perform the faction privilege found
on the other side of your Crew card.
k. Lloyd’s Salvage Co., promotes to Svalbard Caretakers. Promoted Ability: -1 from Colocated size rolls when
prospecting Synodic Comets.
l. House of Saud, promotes to Iceworms. Promoted Ability: Perform an epic hazard operation as a free action,
& is not Decommissioned if it fails.
m. Boyle Engineering Collective, promotes to Martian Assembly. Promoted Ability: Acts as a Freighter when
building a Space Elevator (1B9).
n. Kaluga Naniteers, promotes to Transorbital Railworkers. Promoted Ability: Your Aqua from a free market
operation is doubled.
o. Babbage Halbonauts (Robot), promotes to Utility Fog Halbonaut. Promoted Ability: All of your stacks are
permanenty Glitch-free.
p. Security System (Robot), promotes to Frankenstein Navigator. Promoted Ability: Your FINAO costs are
halved (drop fractions).
q. Smart Pets (Robot), promotes to Creeper Neogen. Promoted Ability: All of your stacks are permanently
Glitch-free.

---

21MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
r. Programmable Matter (Robot), promotes to Neumann Matter. Promoted Ability: All of your stacks are
permanently Glitch-free.
2D. Module 2 Endgame
2D1. Module 2 Endgame
The Game Ends when the final Seniority Disk is taken (D2b). This is after 48 yrs (short game), 60 yrs (medium) or
84 yrs if playing with Futures (1D).
2D2. Module 2 Endgame Scoring
Score per M2, for all Modules used.
Example: At the endgame you have 12 Token VP, counting Rockets, cubes, disks, domes, and Bernals. You also have 14 VP
in factory stocks. You have a Home Bernal, worth 6 VP, and another Anchored Bernal with Dirtsides with 6 waterdrops of
Hydration. Your total score is 12 + 14 + 6 + 6 = 38.
a. Module 1. See 1E2.
b. Futures. Add futures scores (1D3a) for each orange star.
2W. Modules 1 & 2 Strategy Guide (by Andy Graham)
Rule one is to have fun. You can have a great game of Terawatt/Colonization without getting anywhere near win-
ning, especially when that mission to distant Pluto looks much more exciting than just building another Factory.
But, whatever your goal, having a plan helps you get there!
a. First Bernal. The biggest motivation for investing in Bernals is the Colonists they confer, and earlier is better
when acquiring them. Colonists start at your Home Bernal, so it's important to get them to where you can
use their Profession. You can build an entire strategy around miners or engineers, but beware, if they die
EASILY MISSED: A Bernal in
a Home Orbit counts 6 VP,
other Bernals count dirtside
hydration (2B5) as VP, each
Bernal Figure counts 1 VP
(M2a), each Colony dome on
a Bernal counts 2 VP (M2b),
and some Bernals have
Bernal VP. [2D]
EXAMPLE [2D2]

---

22| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
in a Hazard they are gone and your strategy might be at risk. Also, if doing so you can't use them to create
Colonies.
b. First Mission. You will be getting technology and throwing together a mission opportunistically. But, do not
fail to check the black side of each card and think, “Where can I build this?”. Early missions include:
• Avoid Planetary Chauvinism. Although it’s only a burn away, Mars can be a trap if your long-range plan
is to export products. Your diversity suffers too, especially for refineries or GW Rockets, because only C is
available. But if you have an atmospheric promotion Bernal, Mars is an easy path to futures.
• Dash For Glory. With just a Crew card and a thruster (especially a Sail) you can grab quick Glory Points.
• W-class Asteroids. Lutetia and hertha (both “wet metallic,”) have 3-drops and with a buggy have a 75%
shot of bagging the hard-to-get M spectral class.
• Minor Planets. Ceres and Vesta are both big enough to make prospecting a sure thing, and by making a
Mars flyby you usually need 4 Burns to reach them (plus a half burn of landing fuel). Save fuel by landing on
smaller worlds in the same family, and refueling for the larger worlds if prospecting does not work out. Or,
bring along a high-thrust chemical Rocket for landing.
• Galilean Moons. The four big moons of Jupiter have astrobiology/subsurface oceans, certain prospects,
and provide considerable dirtside hydration for Bernal endgame VP. Callisto is 5-burns away (or less if you
use flybys), so you will need a fairly good Rocket or lots of Aquas. The moon Io, although radioactive, hazar-
dous, and dry, provides a push factory of spectral class M. Remember that these moons need a lot of thrust
to land, and are deep in Jupiter’s gravity well.
c. Second Bernal. The previous section promoted industrializing the larger worlds with lander burns, which
means you cannot use factory-assist. This severely hampers your ability to use Freighters, mobile factories,
or factory products there. The answer is to build a second Bernal at your Home Bernal, and move it to this
Site. This not only activates Bernal abilities and factory-assist, but also adds new Colonists who are vital to
winning the endgame. Finally, it adds colonies and dirtside hydration to your final score.

---

23MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
2X. Experimental Rules for HF Core
2X1. Open-Cycle Generators (by Noah Vale)
Certain generators have open-cycle cooling which allows them a +1 net thrust modifier plus 1 extra Therm of
cooling if 1 Fuel step of water or isotope fuel is expended. This can also be expended for cooling of Operations that
use the generator, such as prospecting.
16
a. Open-Cycle Generators include cascade thermoacoustic, MHD open-cycle, z-pinch microfission, and gra-
nular rainbow corral generators.
b. Afterburn. Open-cycle thrust modification and cooling is cumulative to any afterburn effects, and can also
be used for GW thrusters.
2X2. Batteries (by Noah Vale)
Certain generators are actually batteries
17
that recharge only slowly with solar-power. In other words, they store
energy more than generate it. If a battery is used in the support chain for an activated thruster, rotate it 180° (so
that its text reads upside down). This means that if it is used on the very next Turn to support thrust, then it suffers
a -4 thrust modifier. However, if on the next Turn it does not support thrust, rotate it back again, to indicate it is
recharged.
a. Battery Generators include: H2-O2 fuel cell/microbial fuel cell (White-Side/Black-Side); marx capacitor
bank/casimir battery (White-Side/Black-Side); flywheel compulsatator/superconducting adductor (Whi-
16
OPEN-CYCLE THRUST is increasing thrust by adding coolant to the exhaust. The power generated by the generator, 200 MW or so, is inconse-
quential to this thrust increase. What is important is the increase in mass flow, not energy. The increase in mass flow, without increasing
power, means the exhaust won’t be as hot, which increases fuel consumption (assuming a thermodynamic rocket). Because High Frontier uses a log
2 scale, a +1 thrust is equivalent to doubling the mass flow, and this multiplies fuel consumption by 1.41. This would mean, for a realistic open-cycle
rocket, a 2•2 rocket should become a 3•3 rocket.
17
BATTERY differs from a generator in that its purpose is to store electrical energy, not just convert it into electricity. The High Frontier batteries
are scaled to an energy storage capacity of 200 GJ, enough to provide the standard High Frontier generator power at 60 MWe for just under
1 hour before they need to recharge. Some batteries (e.g. superconducting adductor generator) are even less, only a couple of minutes.

---

24| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
te-Side/Black-Side); diamond electro-dynamic tether (Black-Side); cascade thermoacoustic (White-Side);
triggered decay nuclear battery (Black-Side).
b. Industrial Power. Battery Generators are not affected by non-thrust uses of generators (e.g. prospecting,
industrializing, anchoring, etc.).
2X3. Realistic Solar Flux (by Noah Vale)
The following solar flux values for Ceres zone (K) and beyond apply to Solar-Powered thrusters (and thrusters with
Solar-Powered supports) to more realistically model available solar-power at these ranges:
ZONE NEW FLUX
Ceres K
-3 net thrust
Jupiter F
-5 net thrust
Saturn
G
-7 net thrust
Uranus
H & Neptune J
no Solar-Power
a. Flare & Electric Sail Exceptions. Solar flare events (K2d) and the electric sail are dependent on solar wind
instead of solar-power, so for them use the thrust modifiers printed on the map.
2X4. Risky Oberth Flybys (by Noah Vale)
You may elect to make a Hazard Roll during a flyby (H8) in order to increase the Bonus Burns that you receive from
the flyby space, as follows:
a. Minimum Net Thrust. The number of Bonus Burns a Spacecraft obtains from a risky oberth is equal to its
net thrust minus 5. Therefore, it must have a net thrust of at least 6 to take advantage of this option.
b. Fuel Cost. This flyby costs 1 step of Fuel, following the black line on the Fuel Strip.
18
18
OBERTH FLYBY. This maneuver is an Oberth, which means it must be made under power, and its effect is to multiply the thrust during the
short time that the spacecraft makes its close approach to the gravitational body. Accordingly, sails and low thrust vehicles do not benefit
from this maneuver.

---

25MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
c. Hazard Roll. Assuming you do not pay FINAO, the Hazard Roll fails if a ‘1’ is rolled. However, assuming the
Stack does not already have a Glitch, the Stack suffers a Glitch rather than Decommission. It only suffers the
normal Decommission if it Stack is already glitched.
d. Annual. You can only make one risky oberth per Turn.
Example: You enter the +4 Jupiter flyby with a net thrust of 7. You pay 1 step of fuel (which represents firing your engines
at closest approach). You then gain 4 + 2 = 6 Bonus Burns. Unfortunately, you roll the ‘1’ during the Hazard Roll, and your
Rocket suffers a Glitch.
2X5. Torchship Travel (by Rus Belikov)
The number of Burns a Spacecraft can perform in a Turn is no longer limited by its burn limit (H5c). Instead, any
Spacecraft can perform any number of Burns, and can reach anywhere in the solar system in one year.
19
However,
the number of Burns actually performed is equal to the number of Lagrange Burn Spaces plus Pivots squared (not
counting Bonus Burns or Pivots).
a. Lander Burns are not included in the calculation, and Fuel for them must be spent separately.
b. Net Thrust is calculated as before (H3), but only used for powered landing/liftoff (H6a) and for Belt Rolls.
c. Thrusters with 0 fuel consumption move as Freighters (1B4).
Starting in LEO, you take route yellow to Lutetia, which is 4 Burns plus 1 Pivot distant. To get there in one year would need
5^2 = 25 Burns, far too many. To get there one Burn or Pivot at a time would take 5 Burns and 5 years, far too long. You
decide to move 2 Burns at a time, which costs (for the entire trip) 4 + 4 + 1 = 9 Burns, for a 3 year trip. Assuming a fuel consumption of 2,
this is 18 fuel steps.
19
TORCHSHIPS. This rule more accurately reflects the performance of a torchship, a sci-fi trope of a continuously thrusting rocket with high
thrust and ultra-high specific impulse. The game assumes that a spacecraft spends half its year moving, and the other half doing opera-
tions, such as prospecting. This underestimates a spaceship that continuously thrusts for the entire year. A net thrust of one, corresponding to an
acceleration of about 0.3 milligees, can travel about 2.4 AU in 6 months (about 1 Pivot) but 9.7 AU (distance to Saturn) if thrusting for an entire year.
If at constant mass and ignoring solar gravity, this comes to an equivalent of 9 burns for the 6 month thrust. Furthermore, the game’s Pivot system
underestimates the delta-v required for a torchship to fly long distances. For instance, a torchship flight to Neptune needs ~35 Burns in one year in
the game, versus over 100 Burns in reality (work done against solar gravity: 0.6 milligees @ 1 AU). Using the torchship rule gives you ~153 Burns to
Neptune, much closer to reality.
EXAMPLE [2X5]
EXAMPLE [2X4]

---

26| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2Y. Colonization of the Outer Solar System
(essay by Phil Eklund and "Matterbeam" Malik)
High Frontier assumes that space colonization will be economically motivated, for products that can only be
produced in the unique conditions of space. But will this hold up in the long run? In spite of popular myths, Earth
has no shortage of materials, resources, or living space. For instance, platinum metals, often cited as an example of
the fortunes available from M Type asteroids, is available in essentially unlimited amounts from busted mines here
on Earth. These mines are busted, not because they lack metals, but because other mines that can extract these
metals cheaper have out-competed them. Any space mine would have to offer metals at a still cheaper price to be
competitive with re-opening a busted terrestrial mine.
But nevertheless, space has one resource that civilizations are ever thirsty for: energy. Even though 99.8% of the
mass in the Solar System is concentrated in Sol, 98% of its angular momentum and potential energy is held by
planets and rocks orbiting Sol, especially in its outer reaches.
Because of its distance from Sol, a metal projectile dropped from the orbit of Saturn rapidly accelerates to stagge-
ring kinetic energy as it plummets. If fired by a healthy coilgun in the opposite direction of its heliocentric orbit, at
a velocity comparable to the Saturn orbital velocity of 10 km/sec (4 Burns), it deorbits. On its receiving end in the
inner solar system, the projectile is magnetically decelerated and its energy stored. Interplanetary mass exchanges
have gains on the order of GJs/kg, enough to power magnificent civilizations.
Consider Mimas, a small moon deep in Saturn’s gravitational well, yet not so deep that the rings interfere. The rapid
orbital velocity of 14 km/sec is helpful to minimize the coilgun launching energy. The energy gain in this maneuver
equates to an imperceptible loss in mimas’ orbital velocity. Neptune, being even further out and with lunar ma-
terial even easier to orbitally dislodge, commands even greater energy gains. Thus colonies in the moon systems
of the gas giants can support themselves by exporting energy to Earth, or other worlds farther in. They also may
supply volatiles for terraforming efforts of Venus or Mars.

---

27MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION | HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL |
Some of these colonies may be aerostats in the atmospheres of Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune, where supplies of the
clean fusion fuel helium-3 are the most abundant in the Solar System, or perhaps it is fairer to say the least scarce.
The gravity on such a balloon would be about Earth normal. Uranus is superior in terms of delta-v, as can be seen
on the game map. Since solar energy is insignificant, such colonies will need a
3
He-D fusion reactor or wind turbi-
nes for their own energy. Lightning and storms are a threat.
Beside helium-3, other treasures are possible. Recent investigation of the properties of graphite under laser inertial
confinement indicate that carbonaceous gas giants such as Neptune or Uranus may contain oceans of liquid dia-
monds, complete with diamond icebergs. And perhaps carbon-based life, sustained by wind, tides, or geothermal
heat. Even floating “little warm ponds” can be imagined, at around 50 atmospheres, liquid water becomes buoyant
in the heavier gases like xenon. With a heating and oxygen, humans could swim in the waters, or soar above them.
To sustain themselves, aerostat colonies will need resources imported from nearby centaurs or icy moons. If they
have subsurface oceans, nuclear drills will need to bore through 200 km of ice or more to gain access and to esta-
blish a submarine base. The salty waters may be a good source of hydrocarbons, nitrogen and minerals like sodium
and potassium. The muds may be mined for engineering materials such as iron, aluminum, and titanium.
Most of the ice in the outer solar system is amorphous, unlike the crystalline ice common on Earth and throughout
the inner system. The transition from amorphous to crystalline is exothermic, providing a source of combustible
fuel for enterprising people living on giant balls of amorphous ice. This is incredibly dangerous for worlds close
to the transition temperature of 130 K, worlds such as the tiger stripes of Enceladus, Ganymede, Quaoar, and the
centaur-comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. The aforementioned centaur-comet explodes without warning about
7 times a year, with brightness increasing 1000X and developing as many as 7 tails.
To repeat, a major game thesis is that colonization requires an economic incentive, which is to say, an incentive
that improves the quality of life for enterprising individuals and their customers. Neither national vainglory nor the
spirit of adventure and discovery are enough to sustain the High Frontier.

---

28| HIGH FRONTIER 4 ALL | MODULE 2 - COLONIZATION
2Z. Suggested Early Destinations from Geoff's Almanac
Copyright © 2020,
Ion Game Design & Sierra Madre Games
Authors: Phil Eklund & Jeffrey Chamberlain
Part of High Frontier 4 All Core: SMG28-4
Product No: SMG28-4.2
Cover image: Josefin Strand
By Geoff Speare. Use this table for questions like “I have a V Hand card, and in space I have an ISRU 3 buggy. What world should I industrialize?”
Spectral TypeISRUDestinationSizePath Burns / HazardsRecommended
C 4 Ceres 6 Blue path 4.5 ISRU 3 raygun
4 Mars 10 Red path 3, 1 Hazard,
1 aerobrake
ISRU 3 buggy
D 3 Hektor 3 Purple path 5, 1 Hazard ISRU 3 raygun or buggy
4 Echeclus 2 Purple path to Sol-Mars L4,
Green path, Jupiter flyby
4, 2 Hazards,
2 aerobrakes
buggy
M 3 Hertha 3 Purple path 3 buggy
3 Lutetia 3 Yellow path 4 buggy
H 0 Luna 9 Cycler, Luna 2
S 1 Flora 4 Purple path 3 buggy / raygun
1 Luna 9 Cycler, Luna 2 buggy / raygun
3 Karin Cluster1 Blue path 3, 1 Hazard ISRU 2 raygun
V 2 Vesta 6 Blue path 4.5 ISRU 1 raygun
4 Callisto 8 Purple path to Sol-Mars L4,
Green path, Jupiter flyby
5, 1 Hazard,
2 aerobrakes

---